List of Articles bone

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  1 - a review on on Juvenile Orthopedic disease in dogs and cats
  Aref Ghashghaee Amin Bigham-Sadegh
  20.1001.1.24235695.1402.10.1.1.9
  Orthopedic diseases of young animals affect the musculoskeletal system of juveniles, and most of these diseases can be traced to pathological processes (such as diseases, toxins, improper nutrition, trauma) during this period. These diseases related to bones and joints More

  Orthopedic diseases of young animals affect the musculoskeletal system of juveniles, and most of these diseases can be traced to pathological processes (such as diseases, toxins, improper nutrition, trauma) during this period. These diseases related to bones and joints begin and develop during skeletal development after birth, in the first 26 weeks of life. This group of pathological conditions of young dogs and cats, including congenital and neonatal orthopedic diseases, includes diseases that occur in the prenatal period or in the first 3 to 4 weeks of life. During the growth period, the morphology of the joints develops, the bones also mature and reach their length and shape in an adult animal. Orthopedic diseases of young animals are deviations of these regular processes. These diseases are a common problem in dogs and cats, can be painful and are not easily noticeable. These diseases can affect the bones, cartilage and joints of young animals and cause lameness, stiffness and difficulty moving. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important for successful outcome in these diseases. Veterinary clinicians should be aware of the signs and symptoms of these diseases, including lameness, joint pain, swelling, and difficulty moving. Diagnostic tests such as radiography and blood tests can help make the diagnosis. According to the type of disease, the treatment options are different and can include drugs, surgery or other interventions and may even be incurable. Prevention is also important in reducing the risk of orthopedic diseases in young dogs and cats, by preventing the mating and sterilization of animals with genetic disorders, it is possible to prevent the next generation from getting genetic diseases. Nutrition, exercise and weight management can also contribute to healthy bone and body growth in young animals. Veterinary course checkups can also help identify potential problems at the right time and prompt interventions and treatment. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
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  2 - The healing process of bone lesions and fractures, effective treatment methods
  Haniyeh yabandeh jahromi Abodol hamid Meymandi Parizi Alireza Shaikhzadeh
  20.1001.1.24235695.1402.10.1.9.7
  Fracture repair involves proliferation and differentiation of multiple tissue types in a sequence followed by regeneration. All of these processes may be affected by medications. Some drugs can affect the proliferation of primary callus tissue, others can affect the dif More

  Fracture repair involves proliferation and differentiation of multiple tissue types in a sequence followed by regeneration. All of these processes may be affected by medications. Some drugs can affect the proliferation of primary callus tissue, others can affect the differentiation of chondrocytes or osteoblasts, formation of capillaries, sensitivity to mechanical input, etc. Therefore, the subject of drugs and fracture repair not only includes pharmacology and orthopedics, but also includes a wide scope. Repair steps after bone damage include: stage 1: (swelling stage), stage 2: (primary bone repair): over the next 4 to 21 days, a callus is formed around the broken bone. In this stage, a substance called collagen gradually replaces the blood clot. Step 3: (secondary bone repair) approximately two weeks after the fracture, cells called osteoblasts start working. These cells cause new bone to fuse and provide minerals needed for bone strength. Step 4: (reconstruction step): in this stage, cells called osteoclasts make the needed changes and adjustments. These cells break down any extra bone that is formed during this healing phase to return the bone shape to its normal status. In current veterinary and also human orthopedics, bone grafts are used for stimulation of fractures healing, accelerate joint fusion and repair of bone defects. Native grafted bone in addition to healing stimulator substances, contains cells that do not stimulate immune reactions and do not transmit infectious diseases. Currently, due to the problems of autologous bone grafting, the desire to use non-autologous bone grafts such as allograft and xenograft has increased. Kinetic hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and their both combination are among the common materials for bone grafting. Hydroxyapatite works as a scaffold for the growth of bone-forming cells; tarantula cubensis is an extract that is widely used in the treatment of tumors, smallpox, septicemia and toxemic diseases. Also, other materials that are used as substitutes, after being implanted at the site of bone lesions, induce the differentiation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells present at the site of the lesion into chondrocytes or immature bone cells, and finally, the defects are successfully repaired. Manuscript profile